The Alm Canal (Almkanal) - a medieval water supply system of Salzburg
During the Middle Ages, the urban population faced a significant shortage of potable water. The wealthy preferred fermented beverages like beer and wine, while the less fortunate relied primarily on fresh water.
The prosperity of the populace improved significantly due to the discovery of additional wells in the urban areas. This advancement facilitated more efficient fire extinguishing, the removal of sewage from the streets, the irrigation of city gardens, and the operational efficiency of mills.
Salzburg's Christian history supposedly began in the 7th century when St. Peter's Monastery was established on the ruins of the Roman city of Juvavum. The monastery was built at a safe distance from the river, which regularly flooded the valley. However, the largest landlord in Salzburg has been facing water shortages over time. In the 12th century, St. Peter's Abbey initiated the construction of the first water supply system, diverting several channels from the Alps toward Salzburg.
In the year 1138, a 500-meter tunnel was meticulously excavated through Mönchsberg Mountain to supply water to the town, a structure that remains functional to this day. The canal is temporarily closed each September for maintenance and cleaning. Following this period, guided tours of the medieval tunnels associated with the Alm Canal are conducted for two weeks.
Would you be inclined to explore the historical background of the water supply in Salzburg? How have water purification processes evolved from ancient Rome to contemporary times? I encourage you to request a tour that encompasses a visit to the Salzburg Waterworks Museum. Furthermore, should you visit in September, you will also have the opportunity to explore the ancient tunnels of the Alm Canal.
